Safety

The number one rule is to expect a train at any time in any direction. On double track, this is especially dangerous as an approaching train can mask the sound of another behind you.
Stay off of the tracks. Railroads are private property and being on the tracks is trespassing. Stay behind any No Trespassing signs that are present.
Do not go into yards, shops, etc. One sure way to get into trouble is to go where you do not belong. Find a place on public property where you can watch, a street, station, or overpass.
Do not stand close to the tracks when trains pass by. Occasionally a train may drag a wire or metal strap that you do not want to get hit by.
Respect others property, do not go onto private property without permission. Leave public areas as you found them.
Try not attract unwanted attention. Some railfans have been checked out by law enforcement, most will understand what a railfan is. If you get stopped and have a scanner, turn it off. Most law enforcement won't care if you have one, especially if you only have railroad frequencies in it.
If you do want to see offlimits portions of railroad property, join FECRS events like conventions and tours to safely view the property and the trains we love.